%PDF-1.4
%
1 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 2 0 R
/PageLabels 3 0 R
/Pages 4 0 R
/Type /Catalog
/Names 5 0 R
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/ModDate (D:20191005043510+05'30')
/Producer (Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 \(Windows\))
/Creator (Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.1.510/W Unicode)
/CreationDate (D:20191005043443+05'30')
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Type /Metadata
/Subtype /XML
/Length 7 0 R
>>
stream
doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0881.1
10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0881.1
A Time-Varying Causality Formalism Based on the Liang–Kleeman Information Flow for Analyzing Directed Interactions in Nonstationary Climate Systems
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0881.1
2019-10-05
false
10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0881.1
http://journals.ametsoc.org
http://journals.ametsoc.org
10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0881.1
2019-10-05
false
http://journals.ametsoc.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Nums [0 8 0 R]
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/Count 17
/Type /Pages
/Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R]
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/Dests 11 0 R
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
1828
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/S /D
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Count 10
/Parent 4 0 R
/Type /Pages
/Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R]
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/Count 7
/Parent 4 0 R
/Type /Pages
/Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R]
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/Kids [29 0 R 30 0 R]
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R
41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R
51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 57 0 R
/Thumb 58 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents [59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R
77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R
87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R
97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 101 0 R
/Thumb 102 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 103 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R
114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R
124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 130 0 R
/Thumb 131 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 132 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R
143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R
153 0 R 154 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 155 0 R
/Thumb 156 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 157 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R
168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 173 0 R
/Thumb 174 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 175 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R
186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 190 0 R
/Thumb 191 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 192 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 198 0 R
/Thumb 199 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 200 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 210 0 R
/Thumb 211 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 212 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R
223 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 224 0 R
/Thumb 225 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 226 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 234 0 R
/Thumb 235 0 R
/Parent 9 0 R
/Contents 236 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R
247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R
257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 260 0 R
/Thumb 261 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 262 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R
273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 277 0 R
/Thumb 278 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 279 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [280 0 R 281 0 R 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R
290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 297 0 R
/Thumb 298 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 299 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R
310 0 R 311 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 312 0 R
/Thumb 313 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 314 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R
325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R
335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 342 0 R
/Thumb 343 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 344 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R
355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R 358 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R 361 0 R 362 0 R 363 0 R 364 0 R
365 0 R 366 0 R 367 0 R 368 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R
375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R 378 0 R 379 0 R 380 0 R 381 0 R 382 0 R 383 0 R 384 0 R
385 0 R 386 0 R 387 0 R 388 0 R 389 0 R 390 0 R 391 0 R 392 0 R 393 0 R 394 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 395 0 R
/Thumb 396 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 397 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/CropBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/MediaBox [0 0 566.9860229492 756]
/Annots [398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R
408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R
418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R 425 0 R 426 0 R 427 0 R
428 0 R 429 0 R]
/Rotate 0
/Resources 430 0 R
/Thumb 431 0 R
/Parent 10 0 R
/Contents 432 0 R
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/Limits [ ]
/Names [ 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R
438 0 R 439 0 R 440 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R
443 0 R 444 0 R 445 0 R 446 0 R 447 0 R
448 0 R 449 0 R 450 0 R 451 0 R 452 0 R
453 0 R 454 0 R 455 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R
458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R
463 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 467 0 R
468 0 R 469 0 R 470 0 R 471 0 R 472 0 R
473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R
478 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 482 0 R
483 0 R 484 0 R 485 0 R 486 0 R 487 0 R
488 0 R 489 0 R 490 0 R 491 0 R 492 0 R
493 0 R 494 0 R 495 0 R 496 0 R]
>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/Limits [ ]
/Names [ 497 0 R 498 0 R 499 0 R 500 0 R 501 0 R
502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R
507 0 R 508 0 R 509 0 R 510 0 R 511 0 R
512 0 R 513 0 R 514 0 R 515 0 R 516 0 R
517 0 R 518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R
522 0 R 523 0 R 524 0 R 525 0 R 526 0 R
527 0 R 528 0 R 529 0 R 530 0 R 531 0 R
532 0 R 533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R
537 0 R 538 0 R 539 0 R 540 0 R 541 0 R
542 0 R 543 0 R 544 0 R 545 0 R 546 0 R]
>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/Rect [104.9950027466 199.7859954834 179.3760070801 209.2530059814]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/Rect [184.3650054932 199.7859954834 262.4309997559 209.2530059814]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<<
/Rect [215.4329986572 151.93699646 278.9289855957 161.4049987793]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<<
/Rect [51.8170013428 139.9750061035 70.7529983521 149.4429931641]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<<
/Rect [117.4680023193 139.9750061035 196.2709960938 149.4429931641]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<<
/Rect [200.9759979248 139.9750061035 278.9289855957 149.4429931641]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<<
/Rect [51.8170013428 128.0130004883 70.7529983521 137.4799957275]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<<
/Rect [117.0709991455 128.0130004883 191.6790008545 137.4799957275]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<<
/Rect [197.6309967041 128.0130004883 278.9289855957 137.4799957275]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<<
/Rect [51.8170013428 116.0500030518 70.7529983521 125.5179977417]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<<
/Rect [127.5589981079 116.0500030518 203.5839996338 125.5179977417]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<<
/Rect [208.4600067139 116.0500030518 272.9200134277 125.5179977417]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<<
/Rect [451.6719970703 229.6629943848 515.6790161133 239.1309967041]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<<
/Rect [290.8909912109 217.7010040283 363.6849975586 227.1679992676]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<<
/Rect [469.8710021973 181.8139953613 518.0599975586 191.2819976807]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<<
/Rect [290.8909912109 169.8520050049 335.4519958496 179.3200073242]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<<
/Rect [341.800994873 169.8520050049 467.3200073242 179.3200073242]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<<
/Rect [473.6690063477 169.8520050049 518.0599975586 179.3200073242]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<<
/Rect [290.8909912109 157.9459991455 346.1669921875 167.3569946289]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<<
/Rect [400.4219970703 74.2109985352 479.5650024414 83.6790008545]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<<
/Rect [499.7479858398 74.2109985352 518.0599975586 83.6790008545]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<<
/Rect [290.8909912109 62.3059997559 343.2189941406 71.7170028687]
/Dest
/Subtype /Link
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<<
/Rect [190.2050018311 62.6459999084 267.816986084 70.5830001831]
/Subtype /Link
/A 547 0 R
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<<
/Rect [469.3039855957 30.8980007172 518.0599975586 37.8709983826]
/Subtype /Link
/A 548 0 R
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<<
/Rect [51.8170013428 22.9039993286 70.5260009766 29.8770008087]
/Subtype /Link
/A 549 0 R
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<<
/Rect [75.1750030518 22.9039993286 194.4570007324 29.8770008087]
/Subtype /Link
/A 550 0 R
/Border [0 0 0]
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<<
/Font 551 0 R
/ProcSet [/PDF /Text]
/ExtGState 552 0 R
/ColorSpace 553 0 R
>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<<
/Height 94
/BitsPerComponent 8
/Length 554 0 R
/ColorSpace [/Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 555 0 R]
/Width 70
/Filter [/ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode]
>>
stream
8;Z\7d?9,)%*XY0s*=F2:6B?.`9:K`?>nWEsFK3jQ0.$<$o(BbmB408bFpnoU.:Fbq#9S=h9f
U0K)DN-O8E87i+P_EAFjr%An@+F[#dctK^aNC$)70Iq:PHb#M
oocGZT-^k@=!h]$Z13YX!ARs8fo`o=c=oSoE&g$pQ57Li\Ar$Q3t4(-X'&.HRfduD
m]5[I1^UH:4()C=LOtg%82)Zuec?_&^o9e38A=O*!N8XW"?HC63F:a'34fjU(Z"\5
YFb:J!)(:V3u=N0n;/pS&&i70h-HkP\ThnXFuBBI&XV.E*\5iLm.LbB4#U9IFqGPY
Z'.?s("h@/p(:'"HB]>Z')kY=Qk%^&qG0=,FX;]+4f:GRXX)"9,.~>
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Length 556 0 R
>>
stream
HtTr )8 JS`9dr*QGRqEMأiQ١dEŊM1N
1L"("(IX"PkutYD9ERRF)3PTIg|Js<?r /TF]L&PϰA.8c'pq9WIyo|::͌KA$e)wg+A@lCT9MV*a^cR)$@Z|kiMӔp\=Vz5+-U4ҸǰǷ]Yp~xs5$lw[n]tC _lݓ?Kh