X. San Liang
X. San Liang is the one who found that causality is a real physical notion that can be derived ab initio. He received his Ph.D. degree in Applied Mathematics from Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA. He has worked at Harvard University, Courant Institute, the Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, China Institute for Advanced Study, Central University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, and was a team leader of the Ninth Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. Presently he is a chair professor at Fudan University, Shanghai, China, with a joint appointment at the Artificial Intelligence Department, Southern Marine Laboratory, and School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China. He is interested in a variety of interdisciplinary fields such as, not exclusively, information flow, causality analysis, causal AI, fluid dynamics, atmosphere-ocean-climate science, turbulence, complex networks, multiscale modeling and simulation, predictability, uncertainty dynamics, etc.
Education
° Harvard University (USA) Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics 2002
° Harvard University (USA) S.M. in Applied Mathematics 1998
° State Oceanic Administration (China) M.S. in Physical Oceanography 1991
° National University of Defense Technology (China) B.E. in Aerospace Engineering 1988
Employment History
° Fudan University, Shanghai, China Chair Professor 2021—
° The AI Department, Southern Marine Laboratory, China Head /Chief Scientist 2022—
(School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-Sen University)
° Xiamen University (Universitas Amoiensis), China Distinguished Visiting Professor 2017-2018
° Stanford University, CA Visiting Scholar summer 2016
° Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, China Jiangsu Chair Professor 2011–2021
° China Institute for Advanced Study, China Professor 2008 –2011
° Central University of Finance and Economics, China Adjunct Professor 2008 –2011
° Courant Institute, NY Principal Research Scientist 2007
° Courant Institute, NY Research Scientist 2005 –2007
° Harvard University, MA Postdoctoral Fellow 2002 - 2004
° Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE #9) Ocean Survey Team Leader 1992 - 1993
° State Oceanic Administration (2nd Inst), China Assistant Researcher 1991 - 1995
Teaching Experiences
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
· Instructor: Introduction to Complex Systems (undergraduate) 2023—
Joint Program of Univ. of Reading, UK – Nanjing U. of Info. Sci. & Tech, China
· Instructor: Elements of Data Science (undergraduatae) 2020
Xiamen University (Universitas Amoiensis), Xiamen (Amoy), China
· Instructor: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (graduate) 2015
Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing, China
· Instructor: Meter and Rhyme in Classical Chinese Poetry (undergraduate) 2020
· Instructor: Climate Dynamics (graduate) 2017
· Instructor: Mathematical Methods in Atmosphere-Ocean Science (graduate) 2013-2020
China Institute for Advanced Study, Beijing, China
· Instructor: Basic Topology (undergraduate) 2011
· Instructor: Dynamical Systems (undergraduate) 2010
· Instructor: Stochastic Processes (undergraduate) 2010
· Instructor: Functional Analysis (graduate) 2009
· Instructor: Principles of Mathematical Analysis (undergraduate) 2009
· Instructor: Introductory Dynamical Systems (open course) 2008
Courant Institute, New York, USA
· Co-Instructor: Multivariable Calculus 2005
Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA
· Teaching Fellow
Fluid Mechanics (Engineering Science 220 with Howard Stone) 1999
Physical Oceanography (Earth and Planetary Science 231 with Allan Robinson) 1998
Scientific Computing (Applied Mathematics 205 with William Vetterling) 1998
Physical Oceanography (Earth and Planetary Science 131 with Allan Robinson) 1997
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans (EPS 202 with Allan Robinson) 1996
Services
° Academic board, MOE Key Laboratory for Mathematical Science, East China Normal U., 2023—
° Academic Board, Joint Laboratory for Mathematics in Ocean Science,
Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science, and Ocean Univ. of China 2021—
° Deputy Dean, School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology 2011–2021
° Academic Committee, Joint Laboratory for Mathematics in Ocean Science
Ocean University of China and Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science 2021—
° Advisory Board, Shandong Meteorological Bureau 2018—
° Conveners:
Workshop on causality and information flow in complex systems (July 23-27,2018),
AGU session (Dec. 8-12, 2003)
ICIAM session (Aug. 10-14, 2015)
Distinguished Lecture Series, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology (May 2014)
° Deputy Director, Experts Committee, Hong Kong BH Environment Consultants, Ltd (2002-2003)
° Panelist/Reviewer:
European Research Council
Czech Science Foundation
Delaware Sea Grant Program
National Science Foundation of China
China National Award in Science & Technology
° Reviewer: Phys. Rev. Lett.，Phys. Rev. E, Physica A, Physica D, American Naturalist,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., J. Fluid Mech., Phys. Fluids, J. Atmos. & Oceanic Tech.,
J. Atmos. Sci., Mon.Wea. Rev., J. Geophys. Res., Dyn. Atmos. Ocean,Tellus,
J. Clim., Clim. Dyn., Geophys. Res. Lett., Chaos, Entropy, Phys. Lett. A, Ocean Dyn.,
IEEE Trans. Paral. Distrib. Sys., Deep-Sea Res., Ocean Modeling, Adv. Water Resourc.,
Nonlin. Progr. Geophys., Int’l J. Stoch. Mech., Nonl. Anal. Real World Appl.,
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Science China, Acta Oceanologica Sinica,
Mathematical Geosciences, PLoS ONE, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,
J. Computational & Nonlinear Dynamics, Comm. Nonlin. Sci. Num. Simul.,
Proc. Royal Soc. A, Atmospheric Research, Envrionmental & Ecological Statistics,
Big Data & Cognitive Computing, Axioms, EGUsphere, Qeios, etc.
Major Seminars (outside China only)
° Athena Research and Innovation Center, Industrial System Institute, Patras, Greece, July 17, 2023
° Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA, December 7, 2021
° Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Computer Science July 25, 2019
° European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy July 18-19, 2019
° University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan March 7, 2019
° JAMSTEC, Yokahoma, Japan March 4, 2019
° Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA November 18, 2016
° University of California – Los Angeles (UCLA), CA October 13, 2016
° Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA September 22, 2015
° University of California – Los Angeles (UCLA), CA March 27, 2014
° State University of New York – Stony Brook (SUNY), NY August 7, 2013
° University of Massachusetts – Amherst, MA February 15, 2011
° Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), MA February 22, 2010
° Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ January 21, 2008
° Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Princeton University, NJ October 19, 2007
° University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC March 18, 2007
° University of Connecticut, Storrs and Avery Point, CT January 15, 2007
° Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York, NY February 15, 2006
° Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL March 28, 2003
° North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC March 25, 2003
° Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA March 24, 2003
° University of Delaware, Newark, DE March 21, 2003
° Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Palisades, NY March 14, 2003
° Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ March 13, 2003
° University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI January 24, 2003
° Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA December 11, 2002
° Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA December 4, 2002
° Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA December 3, 2002
° Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA November 12, 2002